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Step 1: Backup Code Space Calculator
Calculate exact one-time backup-code search space from code count, length, and alphabet size.
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Step 2: Keyspace Size Calculator
Calculate exact keyspace size and entropy for any length and alphabet size.
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Step 3: Token Expiry Buffer Calculator
Calculate refresh timing from token lifetime and safety buffer.
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Step 4: Session Timeout Calculator
Estimate active session window from idle timeout and absolute timeout.